КОММЕНТАРИЙ
Александр Березовский, психолог, эксперт Общественной комиссии Самарской области по социальной политике, здравоохранению и здоровому образу жизни:
- Рост числа наркозависимых среди женщин связан с распространением так называемых дизайнерских наркотиков. Их специально создают для индустрии развлечений. С начала 90-х ситуация лучше не стала, она видоизменяется. Если мы не видим шприцев на улице, это не значит, что наркоманов стало меньше. Рынок захлестнули психостимуляторы, которые принимаются иным способом. Одна из специфических характеристик подобного типа наркотиков - это сексуальная стимуляция. Отмечается рост вовлечения в процесс употребления подобных препаратов именно у женщин. Как правило, попробовать запрещенные препараты им предлагают мужчины. Речь идёт и о девочках подросткового возраста, и о женщинах до 35 лет.
Гибнут от метадона
По данным антинаркотической комиссии региона, в 2022 году зарегистрировано незначительное увеличение общего числа наркозависимых, находящихся под наблюдением врачей, с 8593 в 2021 году до 8666 человек в этом году. Основной повод для тревоги - рост женской наркомании. Среди поставленных на учет нарколога впервые в жизни доля женщин выросла на 18,8%.
Также в прошлом году было зафиксировано 308 случаев отравления наркотиками. Семеро пострадавших - это подростки. Но наибольшее количество умерших приходится на возрастную группу от 31 до 40 лет.
Главный внештатный специалист по психиатрии-наркологии МЗ Самарской области, к.м.н. Андрей Щербань поясняет, что за последние три года отмечался незначительный рост доли женщин, больных наркоманией в общей массе больных. Так, в 2020 году эта доля составляла 19,6%, в 2021 г. - 20,0%, а на конец 2022 года - 20,1%. Таким образом, произошло увеличение доли состоящих на диспансерном наблюдении женщин, больных наркоманией, на 0,5%.
Однако это не значит, что наркологи не уделяют этой проблеме внимания. Женская наркомания наносит колоссальный экономический, и что, более важно, демографический ущерб нашему обществу. Следует отметить, что данное явление более характерно для городского населения.
СПРАВКА АИФ
97 жителей нашей области умерли от отравления наркотическими веществами в 2022 году.
Также вполне ожидаемым выглядит увеличение доли ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, страдающих наркоманией. «Причин этому несколько: сохранившийся внутривенный путь передачи вируса при совместном использовании наркотиков, а также рост доли полового пути передачи вируса. ВИЧ давно перестал быть заболеванием только наркопотребителей»,- говорит доктор.
Преступность и ВИЧ не отстают
Не теряет актуальности и проблема вовлечения молодёжи в наркопреступления. Прежде всего речь идет о школьниках и студентах, которые становятся курьерами, диспетчерами и «закладчиками». В прошлом году в регионе правоохранители пресекли деятельность трех подпольных нарколабораторий, где синтезировали смертельно опасные вещества.
ВИЧ-инфекция является спутником наркотической зависимости, и здесь ситуация в нашем регионе тоже неблагополучная. Большинство вновь выявленных заболевших мужчины - 59,3%. Путь заражения установить удается не всегда.
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